Topic: Forces and motion |
Science |
| | Standard 10. Understands forces and motion |
| | | Level Pre-K [Grade Pre-K] |
| | | | Benchmark 1. | Knows the effects of forces (e.g., wind, gravity) in nature |
| | | | | Knowledge/skill statements |
| | | | | | 1. | Knows the effects of gravity in nature |
| | | | | | 2. | Knows the effects of wind in nature |
| | | | Benchmark 2. | Knows that objects can be moved in space in a number of ways (e.g., pushing, pulling, sinking) |
| | | | | Knowledge/skill statements |
| | | | | | 1. | Knows that objects can be moved in space |
| | | | | | 2. | Knows that objects can be moved by pushing them |
| | | | | | 3. | Knows that objects can be moved by pulling them |
| | | | | | 4. | Knows that objects can be moved by sinking them |
| | | Level I [Grade K-2] |
| | | | Benchmark 4. | Knows that the position and motion of an object can be changed by pushing or pulling |
| | | | | Knowledge/skill statements |
| | | | | | 1. | Knows that the position of an object can be changed by pushing |
| | | | | | 2. | Knows that the motion of an object can be changed by pushing |
| | | | | | 3. | Knows that the position of an object can be changed by pulling |
| | | | | | 4. | Knows that the motion of an object can be changed by pulling |
| | | Level II [Grade 3-5] |
| | | | Benchmark 5. | Knows that when a force is applied to an object, the object either speeds up, slows down, or goes in a different direction |
| | | | | Knowledge/skill statements |
| | | | | | 1. | Knows that when force is applied to an object, the object might speed up |
| | | | | | 2. | Knows that when force is applied to an object, the object might slow down |
| | | | | | 3. | Knows that when force is applied to an object, the object might go in a different direction |
| | | | Benchmark 6. | Knows the relationship between the strength of a force and its effect on an object (e.g., the greater the force, the greater the change in motion; the more massive the object, the smaller the effect of a given force) |
| | | | | Knowledge/skill statements |
| | | | | | 1. | Knows the more massive an object, the smaller the effect of a given force |
| | | | | | 2. | Knows the greater the force, the greater the change in motion |
| | | Level III [Grade 6-8] |
| | | | Benchmark 4. | Understands effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object’s motion (e.g., if more than one force acts on an object along a straight line, then the forces will reinforce or cancel one another, depending on their direction and magnitude; unbalanced forces, such as friction, will cause changes in the speed or direction on an object’s motion) |
| | | | | Knowledge/skill statements |
| | | | | | 1. | Understands the effects of balanced forces on an object’s motion |
| | | | | | 2. | Understands the effects of unbalanced forces on an object’s motion |
| | | | | | 3. | Understands that if more than one force acts on an object along a straight line, they will reinforce or cancel one another depending on their direction and magnitude |
| | | | | | 4. | Understands friction as an unbalanced force that can cause changes in the speed of an object’s motion |
| | | | | | 5. | Understands friction as unbalanced force that can cause changes in the direction of an object’s motion |
| | | | Benchmark 5. | Knows that an object that is not being subjected to a force will continue to move at a constant speed and in a straight line |
| | | | | Knowledge/skill statements |
| | | | | | 1. | Knows that an object not being subjected to a force will continue to move at a constant speed |
| | | | | | 2. | Knows that an object not being subjected to a force will continue to move in a straight line |
| | | Level IV [Grade 9-12] |
| | | | Benchmark 8. | Knows that laws of motion can be used to determine the effects of forces on the motion of objects (e.g., objects change their motion only when a net force is applied; whenever one object exerts force on another, a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction is exerted on the first object; the magnitude of the change in motion can be calculated using the relationship F=ma, which is independent of the nature of the force) |
| | | | | Knowledge/skill statements |
| | | | | | 1. | Knows that F=ma is independent of the nature of the force |
| | | | | | 2. | Knows that objects change motion only when a net force is applied |
| | | | | | 3. | Knows that when one object exerts force on another, a force of equal magnitude is exerted on the first object |
| | | | | | 4. | Knows that when one object exerts force on another, a force opposite in direction is exerted on first object |
| | | | | | 5. | Knows that the magnitude of the change in motion can be calculated by using F=ma |
