List of Benchmarks for Mathematics |
| Standard 4. | Understands and applies basic and advanced properties of the concepts of measurement |
| | Level Pre-K (Grades Pre-K) |
| | 1. | Understands basic concepts of time (e.g., today, tomorrow, morning, evening) and the sequence of various events (e.g., what comes after lunch) |
| | 2. | Measures objects with non-standard tools (e.g., string, hands, footsteps, unifix cubes, tiles) |
| | 3. | Estimates quantities in real-world situations
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| | 4. | Orders objects qualitatively by measurable attribute (e.g., smallest to largest, lightest to heaviest, shortest to longest) |
| | 5. | Knows the common language of measurement (e.g., "big," "little," "long," "short," "light," "heavy") |
| | 6. | Knows that different sized containers will hold more or less |
| | Level I (Grades K-2) |
| | 1. | Understands the basic measures length, width, height, weight, and temperature |
| | 2. | Understands the concept of time and how it is measured A |
| | 3. | Knows processes for telling time, counting money, and measuring length, weight, and temperature, using basic standard and non-standard units A |
| | 4. | Makes quantitative estimates of familiar linear dimensions, weights, and time intervals and checks them against measurements A |
| | Level II (Grades 3-5) |
| | 1. | Understands the basic measures perimeter, area, volume, capacity, mass, angle, and circumference A |
| | 2. | Selects and uses appropriate tools for given measurement situations (e.g., rulers for length, measuring cups for capacity, protractors for angle) A |
| | 3. | Knows approximate size of basic standard units (e.g., centimeters, feet, grams) and relationships between them (e.g., between inches and feet) A |
| | 4. | Understands relationships between measures (e.g., between length, perimeter, and area) A |
| | 5. | Understands that measurement is not exact (i.e., measurements may give slightly different numbers when measured multiple times) |
| | 6. | Uses specific strategies to estimate quantities and measurements (e.g., estimating the whole by estimating the parts) |
| | 7. | Selects and uses appropriate units of measurement, according to type and size of unit A |
| | Level III (Grades 6-8) |
| | 1. | Understands the basic concept of rate as a measure (e.g., miles per gallon) |
| | 2. | Solves problems involving perimeter (circumference) and area of various shapes (e.g., parallelograms, triangles, circles) A |
| | 3. | Understands the relationships among linear dimensions, area, and volume and the corresponding uses of units, square units, and cubic units of measure A |
| | 4. | Solves problems involving units of measurement and converts answers to a larger or smaller unit within the same system (i.e., standard or metric) A |
| | 5. | Understands the concepts of precision and significant digits as they relate to measurement (e.g., how units indicate precision) A |
| | 6. | Selects and uses appropriate units and tools, depending on degree of accuracy required, to find measurements for real-world problems |
| | 7. | Understands formulas for finding measures (e.g., area, volume, surface area) A |
| | 8. | Selects and uses appropriate estimation techniques (e.g., overestimate, underestimate, range of estimates) to solve real-world problems A |
| | 9. | Understands procedures for basic indirect measurements (e.g., using grids to estimate area of irregular figures) |
| | Level IV (Grades 9-12) |
| | 1. | Solves problems involving rate as a measure (e.g., speed, density) A |
| | 2. | Understands the concepts of absolute and relative errors in measurement |
| | 3. | Selects and uses an appropriate direct or indirect method of measurement in a given situation (e.g., uses properties of similar triangles to measure indirectly the height of an inaccessible object) |
| | 4. | Solves real-world problems involving three-dimensional measures (e.g., volume, surface area) |
| | 5. | Uses unit analysis to solve problems involving measurement and unit conversion (e.g., between metric and U.S. customary systems, foreign currency conversions) |
| | Level V (College Readiness) |
| | 1. | Calculates the perimeter and area of irregular figures |
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A = Assessment items available |
