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Language Arts
 Standard 1.Uses the general skills and strategies of the writing process
   
TopicPersuasive writing
   Level IV [Grade 9-12]
   Benchmark 9. Writes persuasive compositions that address problems/solutions or causes/effects (e.g., articulates a position through a thesis statement; anticipates and addresses counter arguments; backs up assertions using specific rhetorical devices [appeals to logic, appeals to emotion, uses personal anecdotes]; develops arguments using a variety of methods such as examples and details, commonly accepted beliefs, expert opinion, cause-and-effect reasoning, comparison-contrast reasoning)
    
Vocabulary terms
A. persuasive writing
B. assertion
C. problem
D. solution
E. cause-and-effect reasoning
F. comparison-contrast reasoning
G. position
H. thesis statement
I. expert opinion
J. rhetorical device
K. appeal to logic
L. appeal to emotion
M. anecdotal support
N. developing arguments
O. example

Knowledge/skill statements
1. Develops arguments using comparison-contrast reasoning   P 
2. Writes persuasive compositions that address causes/effects  
3. Articulates a position through a thesis statement  
4. Anticipates counter arguments   P 
5. Anticipates reader counterarguments appropriate to 9-12   P 
6. Backs up assertions using rhetorical devices   P 
7. Backs up assertions using appeals to logic   P 
8. Backs up assertions using appeals to emotions   P 
9. Backs up assertions using personal anecdotes   P 
10. Develops arguments using a variety of methods   P 
11. Develops arguments using examples  A   P 
12. Develops arguments using details  A   P 
13. Develops arguments using commonly accepted beliefs   P 
14. Develops arguments using expert opinion   P 
15. Develops arguments using cause-and-effect reasoning  

McREL Activity(s)
Emotion or Reason?
Interpreting Christopher Columbus
One Forest, Many Opinions
Reflections About Diversity
We the People. . .


 A  = Assessment items available

 P  = Performance expectation(s) available based on source documents

Citation Log: BP(AE,82;CAE,60,61;CBE,73;ES3I,11;G9E,8;IAI,29;INE,87,97;MAE,74;NS3E,22,24,27;NWE,4-5;NZ2I,19,21;T3E,5;VE,51,*)
Citation reference
BD = benchmark, declarative
BP = benchmark, procedural
BC = benchmark, contextual

1st letter/number of each code in parentheses:
*   McREL Report
A   Australian Education Council
AASL   American Association of School Librarians
AC   ACT, College Readiness Standards
AD   American Diploma Project
B   British Film Institute
C   Considine & Haley, Visual Images
CA   California: English-Language Arts Content Standards
CB   CBE: Standards for Excellence
CBS   College Board: College Board Standards for College Success: English Language Arts
D   Department of Defense Curriculum
E1   Edison Project: Primary Academy
E2   Edison Project: Elementary Academy
E3   Edison Project: Junior Academy
ES1   NCTE: Exemplar Series, K-5
ES2   NCTE: Exemplar Series, 6-8
ES3   NCTE: Exemplar Series, 9-12
FR   France: Programmes de l’ecole primaire francaise
G1   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 1
G2   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 2
G3   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 3
G4   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 4
G5   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 5
G6   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 6
G7   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 7
G8   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 8
G9   Georgia: English Language Arts - Grade 9
GAL   Georgia: English Language Arts - American Literature
GK   Georgia: English Language Arts - Kindergarten
H   Head Start Child Outcome Framework
IA   International Baccalaureate: Middle Years Language A
IA1   International Baccalaureate: Language A1 Guide
IN   Indiana: English Language Arts
IP   International Baccalaureate: Primary
L   Literacy for the Information Age
LA   Louisiana Language and Literacy Development
MA   Massachusetts: English Language Arts Curriculum Framework
MA2   Massachusetts: Supplement to English Language Arts Framework, Grades 3,5,7
MH   McGraw-Hill Pre-K Standards
N   National Communication Association
N4   NAEP: Released items for grade 4 (2003)
N8   NAEP: Released items for grade 8 (2003)
NR   NAEP: 1992-1998 Achievement Levels- Reading
NS1   New Standards: Elementary School
NS2   New Standards: Middle School
NS3   New Standards: High School
NW   NAEP: 1992-1998 Achievement Levels-Writing
NZ    New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum
NZ2   New Zealand Curriculum
O1   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 1
O10   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 10
O11   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 11
O12   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 12
O2   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 2
O3   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 3
O4   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 4
O5   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 5
O6   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 6
O7   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 7
O8   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 8
O9   Ontario Ministry of Education, Media Literacy - Grade 9
P   Partnership for 21st Century Skills
R   Russia: Beginnings: The Fundamentals of Preschool Education
S   Speech Communication Association
SP1   NCTE: Standards in Practice: K-2
SP2   NCTE: Standards in Practice: 3-5
SP3   NCTE: Standards in Practice: 6-8
SP4   NCTE: Standards in Practice: 9-12
SS   NCSS: Curriculum Standards for Social Studies
T   Texas: English Language Arts and Reading
T1   Texas: English Language Arts and Reading: Elementary
T2   Texas: English Language Arts and Reading: Middle School
T3   Texas: English Language Arts and Reading: High School
TM   Teaching the Media
TX   Texas Prekindergarten Curriculum Guidelines
U   Understanding university success: A report from Standards for Success
UNK   United Kingdom: Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage
UT   Utah Early Childhood Standards
V   Board of Education, Commonwealth of Virginia: Standards of Learning

2nd letter code :
E = Explicitly stated in document
I = Implicit in document

Number:
Page number of the cited document